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Diamond Basic Knowledge

Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. This carbon is a pure carbon. Carbon is not only the chemical element in diamonds but diamonds can also have nitrogen, boron, etc in their bond structure

    Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are utilized in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. People often get confused between hardness and strength. Hardness is resistance to scratching or indentation whereas strength is to withstand force. Diamond is hard but not strong. It is impossible to scratch the diamond with any other substance except diamond which is basically hardness. It is easy to break the diamond with many substances which is basically low strength. Thermal conductivity is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. Due to stiff chemical bonds between light carbon atoms, diamond has an incredibly high thermal conductivity, five times higher than the nearest metallic rival copper at 2,000 watts per meter per Kelvin. Diamonds are widely used in cutting mirrors, ice, optical industry, diamond industry, etc

    Because the arrangement of atoms in diamond is extremely rigid, few types of impurity can contaminate it. If the carbon atoms are replaced by nitrogen will make the diamond turn its color to yellow, if occupied by boron will turn it blue, similarly for other colors. Diamond also has relatively high optical dispersion (ability to disperse light of different colors). Impurities need not be elements they can be anything and will make an impact of diamond in jewelry and its strength

    Most natural diamonds have ages between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years. The diamond was cooked and prepared for many years. Every diamond that your wear is basically extremely older than you. Most were formed at depths between 150 and 250 kilometres (93 and 155 mi) in the Earth's mantle, although a few have come from as deep as 800 kilometres (500 mi). Under high pressure and temperature, carbon-containing fluids dissolved various minerals and replaced them with diamonds. Much more recently (tens to hundreds of million years ago), they were carried to the surface in volcanic eruptions and deposited in igneous rocks known as kimberlites and lamproites. These kimberlites are rocks that are formed in Earth’s crust and contain minerals

    Diamonds have been adapted for many uses because of the material's exceptional physical characteristics. Of all known substances, it is the hardest and least compressible. It has the highest thermal conductivity and the highest sound velocity. Its optical transparency extends from the far infrared to the deep ultraviolet and it has high optical dispersion. It also has high electrical resistance. It is chemically inert, not reacting with most corrosive substances, and has excellent biological compatibility.

    Crystal structure: Here You can see that each carbon element is bonded with 4 carbons


    Diamond occurrence: Diamonds occur most often as euhedral or rounded octahedra and twinned octahedra known as macles. As diamond's crystal structure has a cubic arrangement of the atoms, they have many facets that belong to a cube, octahedron, tetrakis hexahedron or dodecahedron.

    Most of the shapes that we encounter are Macles, Octohedron, Dodecohedron, Cubes, Chips, etc

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