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Diamond characteristics

Hardest material: Diamond is the hardest known natural material on the Mohs scale. Also on the Vickers scale. Diamond's great hardness relative to other materials has been known since antiquity. Diamond hardness depends on its purity, crystalline perfection and orientation: hardness is higher for flawless, pure crystals oriented to the direction. If the diamond is of low impurity then the diamond hardness is reduced but it is very low. We have wide variety of impurities in diamonds which we will discuss in our further topic CLARITY. Therefore it might be possible to scratch some diamonds with other materials, the hardest diamonds can only be scratched by other diamonds and nanocrystalline diamond aggregates. The hardness of diamond contributes to its suitability as a gemstone. If the diamond have low hardness then it is not good for jewellery because it will be scratched by other substances and will effect its sparkle and life. Because it can only be scratched by other diamonds, it maintains its polish extremely well. Unlike many other gems, it is well-suited to daily wear because of its resistance to scratching—perhaps contributing to its popularity as the preferred gem in engagement or wedding rings, which are often worn every day.

    High electrical conductivity: Diamonds are used as semiconductors: some blue diamonds are natural semiconductors, in contrast to most diamonds, which are excellent electrical insulators. The conductivity and blue color originate from boron impurity. Boron substitutes for carbon atoms in the diamond lattice, donating a hole into the valence band

    Graphite vs diamond: Allotropes of carbon. Graphite with 3 and diamond with 4. Here are the crystalline structures of graphite and diamond. Graphite on the left and diamond on the right. Graphite carbon elements are bonded with 3 other carbon elements whereas diamond carbon elements are bonded with 4 other carbon elements. This is the reason why graphite is weakest material and diamond is strongest material



    Refractive index: It describes how fast light travels through the material. For diamond it is 2.412. This index plays a vital role in the diamond. The time taken by light to pass through vaccuum compared to time taken to travel through a material. Refractive index of vaccuum is 1, ice is 1.31, water is 1.333, window glass is 1.52, diamond is 2.42. This index states that the light speed is reduced more than half in diamond. This makes the material diamond to store more and more light and start dispersing it out late. This will eventually make the diamond sparkle because of storing more light inside. Finally excellent crafting of polished diamond will make even more light to stay inside. Finally diamond will look beautiful or amazing

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